They add a certain number of points to the team expected to lose the tie creating the situation where both outfits have an equal chance to win.
Sportsbooks increase the range of betting possibilities by adding an extra edge for the underdogs. So there is no point in backing a massive choice priced at -5000 or -10000 to win. You will always have clear favorites in almost every round in all popular leagues and competitions across different sports. In addition, operators use point spreads to extend the betting options for punters. It practically evens the field in all matches regardless of the sport.
The Point Spread is one of the three core markets in the sports betting world.